Charleston 1:24000 U.S.G.S. Digital Orthophoto Quadrangle 43124c3, 1994

Citation:

Citation Information:

Originator: U.S. Geological Survey: Eros Data Center
Publication Date: 20020615
Title: Charleston 1:24000 U.S.G.S. Digital Orthophoto Quadrangle 43124c3, 1994
Edition: 1994
Geospatial Data Presentation Form: remote-sensing image
Publication Information:

Publication Place: Salem, OR
Publisher: Oregon Geospatial Data Clearinghouse

Other Citation Details:
This set of DOQ's in the OGIC projection was published by OGDC. Original source DOQ's were published by the U.S.G.S. via the
Earth Science Information Centers (E.S.I.C.) which offer
nationwide information and sales service for U.S.G.S. map
products and earth science publications. For additional
information, contact any U.S.G.S. Earth Science Information
Center (E.S.I.C.) , or call 1-800-USA-MAPS.

Online Linkage: http://www.gis.state.or.us
Larger Work Citation:

Citation Information:

Originator: U.S. Geological Survey: Eros Data Center
Publication Date: 1996
Title: Digital Orthophoto Quadrangles
Publication Information:

Publication Place: Reston, VA
Publisher: U.S. Geological Survey: Eros Data Center

Online Linkage: http://edcwww.cr.usgs.gov/

Description:

Abstract:
Orthophotos combine the image characteristics of a photograph with the geometric qualities of a map. The
primary digital orthophotoquad (DOQ) is a 1-meter ground
resolution, quarter-quadrangle (3.75-minutes of latitude
by 3.75-minutes of longitude) image cast on the Universal
Transverse Mercator Projection (UTM) on the North
American Datum of 1983 (NAD83).The geographic extent of
the DOQ is equivalent to a quarter-quad plus The overedge
ranges a minimum of 50 meters to a maximum of 300 meters
beyond the extremes of the primary and secondary corner
points. The overedge is included to facilitate tonal
matching for mosaicking and for the placement of the NAD83
and secondary datum corner ticks. The normal orientation
of data is by lines (rows) and samples (columns). Each
line contains a series of pixels ordered from west to
east with the order of the lines from north to south.
The standard, archived digital orthophoto is formatted as
four ASCII header records, followed by a series of 8-bit
binary image data records. The radiometric image
brightness values are stored as 256 gray levels ranging
from 0 to 255. The metadata provided in the digital
orthophoto contain a wide range of descriptive
information including format source information,
production instrumentation and dates, and data to assist
with displaying and georeferencing the image. The
standard distribution format of DOQs will be JPEG
compressed images on CD-ROM by counties or special
regions. The reconstituted image from the CD-ROM will
exhibit some radiometric differences when compared to its
uncompressed original but will retain the geometry of the
uncompressed DOQ. Uncompressed DOQs are distributed on
tape.

Purpose:
DOQ's serve a variety of purposes, from interim maps to field references for earth science investigations and
analysis. The DOQ is useful as a layer of a geographic
information system and as a tool for revision of digital
line graphs and topographic maps.

Supplemental Information:
The 1994 set of DOQ's published by OGDC in June of 2002 have been processed from the original UTM projection into the OGIC Oregon Lambert
projection (specifications detailed below).

Time Period of Content:

Time Period Information:

Range of Dates/Times:

Beginning Date: 2/22/1994
Beginning Time: Unknown
Ending Date: Present
Ending Time: Unknown

Currentness Reference: ground condition

Status:

Progress: In work
Maintenance and Update Frequency: As needed

Spatial Domain:

Bounding Coordinates:

West Bounding Coordinate: -124.375
East Bounding Coordinate: -124.25
North Bounding Coordinate: 43.375
South Bounding Coordinate: 43.25

Keywords:

Theme:

Theme Keyword Thesaurus: None
Theme Keyword: DOQ
Theme Keyword: DOQQ
Theme Keyword: digital orthophoto
Theme Keyword: digital orthophotoquad
Theme Keyword: digital image map
Theme Keyword: aerial photograph
Theme Keyword: rectified photograph
Theme Keyword: rectified image
Theme Keyword: orthophoto
Theme Keyword: quarter-quadrangle orthophoto
Theme Keyword: 1-meter orthophoto
Theme Keyword: 2-meter orhtophoto
Theme Keyword: 3.75- x 3.75-minute orthophoto
Theme Keyword: 7.5- x 7.5-minute orthophoto

Place:

Place Keyword Thesaurus:
U.S. Department of Commerce, 1977, Countries, dependencies, areas of special sovereignty, and their principal administrative divisions
(Federal Information Processing Standard 10-3):Washington, D.C.,
National Institute of Standards and Technology.

Place Keyword: US
Place Keyword: Oregon
Place Keyword: Charleston

Place:

Place Keyword Thesaurus:
U.S. Department of Commerce, 1987, Codes for the identification of the States, the District of Columbia and the outlying areas of
The United States, and associated areas
(Federal Information Processing Standard 5-2): Washington, D. C.,
National Inst

Place Keyword: FIPS code of State or Province

Place:

Place Keyword Thesaurus:
U.S. Department of Commerce,1990, Counties and equivalent entities of The United States, its possessions, and associated areas
(Federal Information Processing Standard 6-4): Washington, D.C.
National Institute of Standards and Technology.

Place Keyword: FIPS code for county or counties.

Access Constraints: None.
Use Constraints:
None. Acknowledgement of the U.S. Geological Survey would be appreciated in products derived from these data.

Point of Contact:

Contact Information:

Contact Organization Primary:

Contact Organization: U.S. Geological Survey: E.R.O.S. Data Center

Contact Position: Customer Services Representative
Contact Address:

Address Type: mailing and physical address
Address: E.R.O.S. Data Center
City: Sioux Falls
State or Province: S.D.
Postal Code: 57198-0001
Country: U.S.A.

Contact Voice Telephone: (605) 594-6151
Contact Facsimile Telephone: (605) 594-6589
Contact Electronic Mail Address: custserv@edcmail.cr.usgs.gov
Hours of Service: 7:30 - 16:15 C.S.T.

Native Data Set Environment: ArcInfo/ArcView

Attribute Accuracy:

Attribute Accuracy Report:
During photographic reproduction of the source photography, limited analog dodging is performed to improve image quality.
Analog dodging consists of holding back light from certain
areas of the sensitized photographic material to avoid
overexposure. The diapositive is inspected to insure clarity
and radiometric uniformity. Diapositive image brightness
values are collected with a minimum of image quality manipulation.
Image brightness values may deviate from brightness values of
the original imagery due to image value interpolation during
the scanning and rectification processes.
Radiometry is verified by visual inspection of the digital
orthophoto quadrangle with the original unrectified image to
determine if the digital orthophoto has the same or better
image quality as the original unrectified input image.
Slight systematic radiometric differences can be detected
between adjacent DOQ files due primarily to differences in
source photography capture dates and sun angles of aerial
photography along flight lines. These differences can be
observed in an image's general lightness or darkness when
compared to adjacent DOQ file coverages.

Logical Consistency Report:
All DOQ header data and image file sizes are validated by the Tape Validation System (TVS) software prior to archiving in the National
Digital Cartographic Data Base (NDCDB). This validation procedure assures
correct physical format and field values for header record elements.
Logical relationships between header record elements are tested.

Completeness Report:
All DOQ imagery is visually inspected for completeness to ensure that no gaps, or image misplacement exist in the 3.75' image area or in overedge
coverage. DOQ images may be derived by mosaicking multiple images, in
order to insure complete coverage. All DOQ's are cloud free within the
3.75' image area. Some clouds may, very infrequently, be encountered only
in the overedge coverage. Source photography is leaf-off in deciduous
vegetation regions. Void areas having a radiometric value of zero and
appearing black may exist. These are areas for which no photographic
source is available or result from image transformation from other
planimetric systems to the Universal Transverse Mercator (UTM). In the
latter case, the void sliver areas are on the outside edges of the
overedge area. The data set field content of each DOQ header record
element is validated to assure completeness prior to archiving in the
NDCDB.

Positional Accuracy:

Horizontal Positional Accuracy:

Horizontal Positional Accuracy Report:
The DOQ horizontal positional accuracy and the assurance of that accuracy depend, in part, on the accuracy of the data inputs to the
rectification process. These inputs consist of the digital elevation
model (DEM),aerotriangulation control and methods, the photo source
camera calibration, scanner calibration, and aerial photographs that
meet National Aerial Photography Program (NAPP) standards. The
vertical accuracy of the verified USGS format DEM is equivalent to or
better than a USGS level 1 or 2 DEM, with a root mean square error
(RMSE) of no greater than 7.0 meters. Field control is acquired by
third order class 1 or better survey methods sufficiently spaced to
meet National Map Accuracy Standards (NMAS) for 1:12,000-scale
products. Aerial cameras have current certification from the USGS,
National Mapping Division, Optical Science Laboratory. Test
calibration scans are performed on all source photography scanners.

Lineage:

Source Information:

Source Citation:

Citation Information:

Originator: U.S. Geological Survey
Publication Date: Unknown
Title: digital elevation model
Geospatial Data Presentation Form: map
Publication Information:

Publication Place: Reston, VA
Publisher: U.S. Geological Survey

Source Time Period of Content:

Time Period Information:

Range of Dates/Times:

Beginning Date: 8/5/1988
Beginning Time: Unknown
Ending Date: Present
Ending Time: Unknown

Source Currentness Reference: ground condition

Source Citation Abbreviation: DEM1
Source Contribution:
Elevation data in the form of an ortho-DEM regridded to user-specified intervals and bounds.

Source Information:

Source Citation:

Citation Information:

Originator: U.S. Geological Survey
Publication Date: Unknown
Title: photo ID number
Geospatial Data Presentation Form: remote-sensing image
Publication Information:

Publication Place: Reston, VA
Publisher: U.S. Geological Survey

Source Scale Denominator: 40000
Type of Source Media: cartridge tape
Source Time Period of Content:

Time Period Information:

Range of Dates/Times:

Beginning Date: Unknown
Beginning Time: Unknown
Ending Date: Present
Ending Time: Unknown

Source Currentness Reference: ground condition

Source Citation Abbreviation: PHOTO1
Source Contribution:
Panchromatic black and white (or color infra-red) NAPP or NAPP-like photograph. NAPP photographs are
centered on the DOQ coverage area.

Source Information:

Source Citation:

Citation Information:

Originator: U.S. Geological Survey
Publication Date: Unpublished material
Title: project ground and photo control
Geospatial Data Presentation Form: remote-sensing image
Publication Information:

Publication Place: Reston, VA
Publisher: U.S. Geological Survey

Source Time Period of Content:

Time Period Information:

Range of Dates/Times:

Beginning Date: Unknown
Beginning Time: Unknown
Ending Date: Present
Ending Time: Unknown

Source Currentness Reference: ground condition

Source Citation Abbreviation: CONTROL_INPUT
Source Contribution:
Horizontal and vertical control used to establish positions and elevations for reference and
correlation purposes.

Source Information:

Source Citation:

Citation Information:

Originator: U.S. Geological Survey
Publication Date: Unpublished material
Title: report of calibration
Geospatial Data Presentation Form: remote-sensing image
Publication Information:

Publication Place: Reston, VA
Publisher: U.S. Geological Survey

Source Time Period of Content:

Time Period Information:

Range of Dates/Times:

Beginning Date: Unknown
Beginning Time: Unknown
Ending Date: Present
Ending Time: Unknown

Source Currentness Reference: Date of the camera calibration associated with the source photography

Source Citation Abbreviation: CAMERA_INPUT
Source Contribution: camera calibration parameters

Process Step:

Process Description:
The production procedures, instrumentation, hardware and software used in the collection of standard USGS DOQ's vary depending on systems
used at the contract, cooperator or USGS production sites. The majority of
DOQ datasets are acquired through government contract. The process step
describes, in general, the process used in the production of standard
USGS DOQ data sets.
The rectification process requires, as input, a user parameter file to control
the rectification process, a digital elevation model (DEM1) gridded to user
specified bounds, projection, zone, datum and X-Y units, a scanned digital
image file (PHOTO1) covering the same area as the DEM, ground X-Y-Z
point values (CONTROL_INPUT) and their conjugate photo coordinates in
the camera coordinate system, and measurements of the fiducial marks
(CAMERA_INPUT) in the digitized image.
The camera calibration report (CAMERA_INPUT) provides the focal
length of the camera and the distances in millimeters from the camera's
optical center to the camera's 8 fiducial marks. These marks define the frame
of reference for spatial measurements made from the photograph.
Ground control points (CONTROL_INPUT) acquired from ground surveys
or developed in aerotriangulation, are third order class 1 or better, and meet
National Map Accuracy Standard (NMAS) for 1:12,000-scale.
Ground control points are in the Universal Transverse Mercator
or the State Plane Coordinate System on NAD83. Horizontal and vertical
residuals of aerotriangulated tie-points are equal to or less than 2.5 meters.
Standard aerotriangulation passpoint configuration consists of 9
ground control points, one near each corner, one at the center near each
side and 1 near the center of the photograph, are used. The conjugate
positions of the ground control points on the photograph are measured
and recorded in camera coordinates.
The raster image file (PHOTO_1) is created by scanning an
aerial photograph film diapositive with a precision image scanner. An
aperture of approximately 25 to 32 microns is used, with an aperture
no greater than 32 microns permitted. Using 1:40,000-scale photographs,
a 25-micron scan aperture equates to a ground resolution of 1-meter.
The scanner converts the photographic image densities to gray scale values
ranging from 0 to 255 for black and white photographs. Scan files with
ground resolution less than 1 meter or greater than 1 meter but less
than 1.28 meters are resampled to 1 meter.
The principal elevation data source (DEM1) are standard DEM datasets
from the National Digital Cartographic Data Base (NDCDB). DEM's that
meet USGS standards are also produced by contractors to fulfill DOQ
production requirements and are subsequently archived in the NDCDB.
All DEM data is equivalent to or better than USGS DEM standard level 1.
The DEM used in the production of DOQ's generally has a 30-meter grid
post spacing and possesses a vertical RMSE of 7-meters or less. A DEM
covering the extent of the photograph is used for the rectification.
The DEM is traversed from user-selected minimum to maximum X-Y values and
the DEM X-Y-Z values are used to find pixel coordinates in the digitized
photograph using transformations mentioned above. For each raster
image cell subdivision, a brightness or gray-scale value is obtained using
nearest neighbor, bilinear, or cubic convolution resampling of the
scanned image. The pixel processing algorithm is indicated in the
header file . An inverse transformation relates the image coordinates
referenced to the fiducial coordinate space back to scanner
coordinate space. For those areas for which a 7.5-minute DEM is
unavailable and relief differences are less than 150 feet, a planar-DEM
(slope-plane substitute grid) may be used.
Rectification Process: The photo control points and focal length are
iteratively fitted to their conjugate ground control points using a
single photo space resection equation. From this mathematical
fit is obtained a rotation matrix of constants about the three
axes of the camera. This rotation matrix can then be used to
find the photograph or camera coordinates of any other ground
X-Y-Z point. Next a two dimensional fit is made between the
measured fiducial marks on the digitized photograph and their
conjugate camera coordinates. Transformation constants
are developed from the fit and the camera or photo
coordinates are used in reverse to find their conjugate pixel
coordiates on the digitized photograph.
Quality Control: All data is inspected according to a
quality control plan. DOQ contractors must meet DOQ standards
for attribute accuracy, logical consistency, and data completeness

Cloud Cover: 0

Direct Spatial Reference Method: Raster
Raster Object Information:

Raster Object Type: Pixel
Row Count: 10400
Column Count: 14250

Spatial Reference Information

Horizontal Coordinate System Definition:

Planar:

Map Projection:

Map Projection Name: Lambert Conformal Conic
Lambert Conformal Conic:

Standard Parallel: 43
Standard Parallel: 45.5
Longitude of Central Meridian: -120.5
Latitude of Projection Origin: 41.75
False Easting: 400000
False Northing: 0

Planar Coordinate Information:

Planar Coordinate Encoding Method: Coordinate Pair
Coordinate Representation:

Abscissa Resolution: 0
Ordinate Resolution: 0

Planar Distance Units: international feet

Geodetic Model:

Horizontal Datum Name: North American Datum of 1983
Ellipsoid Name: Geodetic Reference System 80
Semi-major Axis: 6378137
Denominator of Flattening Ratio: 298.257

Overview Description:

Entity and Attribute Overview:
For DOQ's from panchromatic source each pixel contains an 8-bit gray-scale value between 0-255. A value of 0 represents
the color black while a value of 255 represents the color white.
All values between 0 and 255 are repesented as a shade of gray
varying from black to white. For color-infrared and natural color
DOQs' a digital number from 0 to 255 will also be
asssigned to each pixel but that number will refer to a color
look-up table which will contain the RGB red, blue and green
(RGB) values, each from 0 to 255, for that digital number. Areas
where the rectification process is incomplete due to incomplete data
(i.e., lack of elevation data, gaps), are represented with the numeric
value of 0.

Entity and Attribute Detail Citation:
U.S. Department of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey, guide for digital orthophotos: Reston, VA.
A hypertext version is available at:
URL: http://edc.usgs.gov/glis/hyper/guide/usgs_doq
U.S. Department of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey, 1992,
Standards for digital orthophotos: Reston, VA.
Softcopies in ASCII, WordPerfect, and PostScript format are available at:
URL: ftp://mapping.usgs.gov/pub/ti/DOQ/

Distributor:

Contact Information:

Contact Organization Primary:

Contact Organization: Earth Science Information Center, U.S. Geological Survey
Contact Person: Customer Services

Contact Position: Customer Services Representative
Contact Address:

Address Type: mailing and physical address
Address: 507 National Center
City: Reston
State or Province: VA
Postal Code: 20192
Country: U.S.A.

Contact Voice Telephone: 1-888-ASK-USGS
Contact Electronic Mail Address: custserv@edcmail.cr.usgs.gov
Hours of Service: 7:30 a.m. to 4:00 p.m. C.T.

Resource Description: Charleston Digital Orthophotoquad.43124c3
Distribution Liability:
Although these data have been processed successfully on a computer system at the U.S.G.S., no warranty expressed or
implied is made by the U.S.G.S. regarding the use of the
data on any other system, nor does the act of distribution
constitute any such warranty. The U.S.G.S. will warrant the
delivery of this product in computer-readable format, and
will offer appropriate adjustment of credit when the
product is determined unreadable by correctly adjusted
computer input peripherals, or when the physical medium is
delivered in damaged condition. Requests for adjustment of
credit must be made within 90 days from the date of this
shipment from the ordering site. Questions about the re-
projection precess should be directed to OGDC.

Standard Order Process:

Digital Form:

Digital Transfer Information:

Format Name: USGS_DOQ
Format Information Content:
USGS uncompressed DOQ: The uncompressed USGS DOQ is a raw binary image file preceded by a metadata
header record which consists of four 400-byte ACSII
records, each blank padded to equal the length of a
single line of image data.

Transfer Size: 45

Digital Transfer Option:

Offline Option:

Offline Media: 8-mm helical-scan cartridge tape
Recording Format:
Unlabelled, uncompressed Unix DD archive format. Standard block size: 30,270, but can be provided at
2,048 or multiples of 2,048.

Fees:
The online copy of the data set (when available electronically) may be accessed without charge. For cartridge, cassette and CD-ROM the
costs are available at:
URL: http://edc.usgs.gov/glis/hyper/order_info/prices#DOQ_QQUAD

Standard Order Process:

Digital Form:

Digital Transfer Information:

Format Name: Compressed USGS DOQ in JPEG format.
Format Information Content:
The USGS compressed DOQ is an IJG JPEG-compressed file. JPEG is a lossy compression technique. Unlike
uncompressed DOQ's the compressed DOQ does not contain
an attached header record as data compression corrupts
ASCII text. A separate metadata file accompanies the
compressed image file. The compressed data are distributed
on CD-ROM, generally by county. However, some CD's may
contain regions or partial counties and some counties
may require multiple CD-ROM's. The presence
of a DOQ in the NDCDB does not necessarily indicate the file
is available on a compressed, county based CD-ROM.

File Decompression Technique:
The algorithm employed by USGS for compressing DOQs is IJG JPEG, Version 4.0. This is a lossy compression using
a standard Q or quality factor of 30.

Transfer Size: 5

Digital Transfer Option:

Offline Option:

Offline Media: CD-ROM
Recording Format: ISO 9660
Compatibility Information:
This CD-ROM can be used with all computer operating systems that support CD-ROM as a logical storage
device. All text files on this disc are in ASCII
format. Data files are in ASCII or binary format.

Fees:
The cost for these CD-ROM products is available at: URL: http://edc.usgs.gov/glis/hyper/order_info/prices#DOQ_COUNTY

Ordering Instructions:
D.R.G. file size may necessitate distribution on multiple C.D.-R.O.Ms. Dataset
searching and ordering capabilities are available through
the Global Land Information System (G.L.I.S.) at Web site
<edcwww.cr.usgs.gov/webglis>. Turnaround: a.s.a.p.

Available Time Period:

Time Period Information:

Single Date/Time:

Calendar Date: 1996
Time of Day: Unknown

Metadata Date: 6/21/2002
Metadata Review Date: 6/21/2002
Metadata Future Review Date:
Metadata Contact:

Contact Information:

Contact Organization Primary:

Contact Organization: Oregon Ocean-Coastal Management Program
Contact Person: Tanya Haddad

Contact Position: NOAA Coastal Fellow
Contact Address:

Address Type: Mailing and physical address
Address: 800 NE Oregon St, Suit 1145
City: Portland
State or Province: OR.
Postal Code: 97232.
Country: U.S.A.

Contact Voice Telephone: (503) 731-4065 x30
Contact Facsimile Telephone: (503) 731-4068
Contact Electronic Mail Address: tanya.haddad@state.or.us
Hours of Service: 8:00 a.m. to 5 p.m., Mon. - Fri.

Metadata Standard Name: F.G.D.C. Content Standard for Digital Geospatial Metadata (C.S.D.G.M.)
Metadata Standard Version: FGDC-STD-001-1998