1967 Coastal Aerial Photos from Sand Lake to Pacific City, ODOT, Mosaiced by WADoE, 2009
Identification_Information
Data_Quality_Information
Spatial_Data_Organization_Information
Spatial_Reference_Information
Entity_and_Attribute_Information
Distribution_Information
Metadata_Reference_Information
Identification Information
Section Index
Citation:
Citation Information:
Originator: Washington State Department of Ecology
Publication Date: 03/06/09
Title: 1967 Coastal Aerial Photos from Sand Lake to Pacific City, ODOT, Mosaiced by WADoE, 2009
Edition: 4
Geospatial Data Presentation Form: vector digital data
Online Linkage: flightlines_19_to_21_orlam.tif
Description:
Abstract:
1967 black-and-white photography taken for the Oregon State Department of Transportation, project "OC-3" The project was flown at 1:6000 scale with a 6-inch focal length camera lens in 66 flightlines flown between June and October 1967. The photography was scanned in 2007, ortho-rectified in 2008 using Leica Photography Suite.
Purpose:
This dataset was created for use by the United States Geological Survey in their National Shoreline Change Assessment Project. The project compares historical shorelines (gathered from either photography or topographic charts) to the modern-day shoreline obtained by LIDAR in 2005.
Time Period of Content:
Time Period Information:
Range of Dates/Times:
Beginning Date: 8/8/1967
Beginning Time: 15:00:00
Ending Date: 8/8/1967
Ending Time: 15:20:00
Currentness Reference: ground condition
Status:
Progress: Complete
Maintenance and Update Frequency: None planned
Spatial Domain:
Bounding Coordinates:
West Bounding Coordinate: -123.982271
East Bounding Coordinate: -123.951719
North Bounding Coordinate: 45.330802
South Bounding Coordinate: 45.144287
Keywords:
Theme:
Theme Keyword Thesaurus: None
Theme Keyword: Shoreline
Theme Keyword: Mean High Water
Theme Keyword: Average High Water line
Theme Keyword: Aerial Photo
Place:
Place Keyword Thesaurus: None
Place Keyword: Oregon
Place Keyword: Tillamook County, OR
Temporal:
Temporal Keyword Thesaurus: None
Temporal Keyword: Summer
Temporal Keyword: 1967
Access Constraints: None
Use Constraints:
Permission is granted to use these data for intended purposes as long as data source and data limitations are included in reproduction. The Coastal Monitoring & Analysis Program, Washington State Department of Ecology should be acknowledged as the data source on all products derived from these data. These data may not be incorporated into any commercial product without the express written consent of the Washington State Department of Ecology. These data are not intended for legal purposes and are not to be used for commercial profit.
Point of Contact:
Contact Information:
Contact Person Primary:
Contact Person: George Kaminsky
Contact Organization: Washington State Department of Ecology
Contact Position: Environmental Engineer
Contact Address:
Address Type: mailing address
Address: P.O. Box 47600
City: Olympia
State or Province: WA
Postal Code: 98504-7600
Country: USA
Contact Address:
Address Type: physical address
Address: 300 Desmond Drive
City: Lacey
State or Province: WA
Postal Code: 98503
Country: USA
Contact Voice Telephone: (360) 407-6797,(360) 791-4503
Contact Facsimile Telephone: (360) 407-7162
Contact Electronic Mail Address: gkam461@ecy.wa.gov
Data Set Credit:
This dataset was developed by the Southwest Washington Coastal Erosion Study, Coastal Monitoring & Analysis Program, Washington State Department of Ecology, with funding by the United States Geological Survey. The lines that compose this shoreline shapefile were digitized from photo mosaics made from photos ortho-rectified by the Washington State Department of Ecology, from aerial photos which are the property of the Oregon State Department of Transportation.
Security Information:
Security Classification: Unclassified
Native Data Set Environment: Microsoft Windows XP Version 5.1 (Build 2600) Service Pack 2; ESRI ArcCatalog 9.3.1.1850
Data Quality Information
Section Index
Attribute Accuracy:
Attribute Accuracy Report:
The position of the delineated shoreline is affected by 1) the accuracy of the ortho-photo; 2) the accuracy of the digitizer's interpretation of the water-line signals seen on the beach; and 3) the accuracy of the tidal prediction software used to interpret those water-line signals.
There is positional error inherent in the ortho-rectification of the photo (ranging from 3-15 meters, but usually 3), and there is also positional error inherent in the determination of the placement of the shoreline in the photo (ranging from 3-15 meters, but usually 7). The combined uncertainty are rarely less than 5 meters and can be as high as 25 meters in some instances, but is usually only 10 meters.
Completeness Report:
Where there are "rocky headlands" the photo has to be draped over the radically changing elevation, and this is only as accurate as the Digital Elevation Model (DEM). Inaccuracies in the DEM (mostly caused by cell-size resolution issues) result in inaccuracies in the orthorectified image. Also, the rocky headlands tend to have lots of gravel, which is more porous than sand, and dries more quickly. This makes seeing the Average High Water Line (AHWL) signal on the rocky beach more difficult than it is for sandy beaches. Furthermore, there is usually not much shoreline change in these areas, so not only is it error-prone to digitize the rocky-bluff shorelines, but it's also a moot point. This is why there are discontinuities in the digitized shoreline.
Positional Accuracy:
Horizontal Positional Accuracy:
Horizontal Positional Accuracy Report:
The horizontal positional accuracy of any arc in this shapefile has two sources. There is positional error inherent in the ortho-rectification of the photo (ranging from 3-15 meters, but usually about 3 meters), and there is also positional error inherent in the determination of the placement of the shoreline in the photo (ranging from 3-15 meters, but usually about 7 meters). The combined uncertainties are rarely less than 5 meters and can be as high as 25 meters in some instances, but are usually only about 10 meters.
Quantitative Horizontal Positional Accuracy Assessment:
Horizontal Positional Accuracy Value: 10
Vertical Positional Accuracy:
Vertical Positional Accuracy Report:
There are no elevations given in this dataset. The dataset is in X, Y coordinate pairs, and elevation is only used in the process of considering the tide elevation at the time the photo was taken and during the previous 24 hours.
Lineage:
Process Step:
Process Description: PHOTOGRAPHY: Aerial Photography mission "OC-3" flown for the Oregon State Highway Division by Delano Aerial Photographics of Portland, Oregon, using a Zeiss camera.
Process Date: June 1967 through October 1967
Process Contact:
Contact Information:
Contact Organization Primary:
Contact Organization: Delano Aerial Photographics of Portland, Oregon
Process Step:
Process Description:
LENDING OF PHOTOS: The Washington State Department of Ecology borrowed the photography from the Oregon State Department of Transportation for 2 months. There were 1611 photos in project "OC-3", on 7 rolls of film. The rolls contained film negatives in 9-inch format, black-and-white.
Process Date: June & July 2007
Process Contact:
Contact Information:
Contact Organization Primary:
Contact Organization: Oregon Department of Transportation--Geometronics
Contact Person: Kerry D. Williams
Contact Position: Photogrammetric Project Surveyor
Contact Address:
Address Type: physical address
Address: 200 Hawthorne Ave SE, Suite B250
City: Salem
State or Province: OR
Postal Code: 97310
Contact Voice Telephone: (503) 986-3542
Contact Electronic Mail Address: kerry.d.williams@odot.state.or.us
Process Step:
Process Description:
SCANNING: The film negatives were scanned into TIFF format by the Washington State Department of Ecology. They were scanned in "Reflective Mode" because they could NOT be scanned in Transparent mode, as would have been desirable for these mylar negatives. Transparent mode only works for photos that can be individually positioned on the glass, and these photos were all connected on roll. A piece of white paper was put behind each photo as it was scanned to make it appear as if it were a print. The photos were taken with a 6-inch focal length and flown at an elevation of about 914 meters and imaged onto 9-inch negatives; this results in 1:6000 scale photography. The 9-inch square photos were scanned at 300 dpi so that the resulting pixels would be 0.5 meters on each side. An "inverse" tone curve was used so that the negative image would become positive.
Process Date: June & July 2007
Process Contact:
Contact Information:
Contact Person Primary:
Contact Person: Diana McCandless
Contact Organization: Washington State Department of Ecology
Contact Position: Environmental Specialist
Contact Address:
Address Type: mailing address
Address: P.O. Box 47600
City: Olympia
State or Province: WA
Postal Code: 98504-7600
Country: USA
Contact Address:
Address Type: physical address
Address: 300 Desmond Drive
City: Lacey
State or Province: WA
Postal Code: 98503
Country: USA
Contact Voice Telephone: (360) 407-6427
Contact Facsimile Telephone: (360) 407-7162
Contact Electronic Mail Address: dimc461@ecy.wa.gov
Process Step:
Process Description:
COMPILING OF REFERENCE PHOTOGRAPHY: Reference photography from 2005 was downloaded for the entire coastline of Oregon from the Oregon State Natural Resources Digital Library. (http://imagery.oregonexplorer.info/Plugin.htm). The photography was taken in July 2005 by the National Agricultural Inventory Program (NAIP). The ortho images are already geo-referenced and in full color and have continuous coverage throughout the state.
Process Contact:
Contact Information:
Contact Person Primary:
Contact Person: Diana McCandless
Contact Organization: Washington State Department of Ecology
Contact Position: Environmental Specialist
Contact Address:
Address Type: mailing address
Address: P.O. Box 47600
City: Olympia
State or Province: WA
Postal Code: 98504-7600
Country: USA
Contact Address:
Address Type: physical address
Address: 300 Desmond Drive
City: Lacey
State or Province: WA
Postal Code: 98503
Country: USA
Contact Voice Telephone: (360) 407-6427
Contact Facsimile Telephone: (360) 407-7162
Contact Electronic Mail Address: dimc461@ecy.wa.gov
Process Step:
Process Description:
PREPARATION TO TRIANGULATE: The 1967 photos were geo-referenced using Leica Photogrammetry Suite (LPS) software, version 9.1. Most of the necessary Camera Calibration Report parameters were found online by Omar D. Patterson, contractor to the USGS, most importantly the radial distortion parameters and the calibrated focal length. The coordinates of the fiducial points were derived empirically by measuring the distances between them and averaging the coordinates in Excel. The Digital Elevation Model (DEM) collected for the ortho-rectification purpose was the 10-meter resolution "Jolly Roger DEM" from (http://jollyroger.science.oregonstate.edu/dem/)
Process Date: April 2008
Process Contact:
Contact Information:
Contact Person Primary:
Contact Person: Diana McCandless
Contact Organization: Washington State Department of Ecology
Contact Position: Environmental Specialist
Contact Address:
Address Type: mailing address
Address: P.O. Box 47600
City: Olympia
State or Province: WA
Postal Code: 98504-7600
Country: USA
Contact Address:
Address Type: physical address
Address: 300 Desmond Drive
City: Lacey
State or Province: WA
Postal Code: 98503
Country: USA
Contact Voice Telephone: (360) 407-6427
Contact Facsimile Telephone: (360) 407-7162
Contact Electronic Mail Address: dimc461@ecy.wa.gov
Process Step:
Process Description:
GROUND POINT MEASUREMENT & TRIANGULATION : The collection of "Ground Control Points" (GCPs) refers to identifying certain features in each photo whose geographical coordinates can be provided. Each individual raw photo had an average of at least 3 GCPs and about 7 or more Tie Points. The GCPs were obtained using the 2005 reference orthophotos to determine the geographical coordinates of features (e.g., road intersections) that were visible in both the 2005 and 1967 photos. The same feature was then identified graphically in the un-registered 1967 photo. Often, when road intersections or houses were not available, natural features were used, such as large boulders on the beach arranged in a recognizable pattern. The entire suite of 1611 photos along the entire coastline of Oregon were broken up into 48 individual "blocks", and each one was GCP-measured and triangulated separately.
Triangulation refers to the very quick process of hitting the "Triangulate" button and finding out whether or not the Ground Control Points (GCPs) fit together like a puzzle in a mathematically robust way. There is a resultant "Total RMS" error that indicates how well the geometry of the GCPs "converged". Convergence values greater than 4 meters were chosen as a threshold to indicate a problem and that GCPs had to be re-measured. The maximum positioning error of a single GCP was 16.37 meters; that was in a block whose block-average error was 4.61 meters. The average "Total RMS error" throughout all 48 blocks was 2.96 meters, and the average "Maximum error" of each of the 48 blocks was 10.70 meters.
Process Date: spring, summer, early fall 2008
Process Contact:
Contact Information:
Contact Person Primary:
Contact Person: Diana McCandless
Contact Organization: Washington State Department of Ecology
Contact Position: Environmental Specialist
Contact Address:
Address Type: mailing address
Address: P.O. Box 47600
City: Olympia
State or Province: WA
Postal Code: 98504-7600
Country: USA
Contact Address:
Address Type: physical address
Address: 300 Desmond Drive
City: Lacey
State or Province: WA
Postal Code: 98503
Country: USA
Contact Voice Telephone: (360) 407-6427
Contact Facsimile Telephone: (360) 407-7162
Contact Electronic Mail Address: dimc461@ecy.wa.gov
Process Step:
Process Description:
ORTHO-RECTIFICATION: After triangulation, the creation of ortho-photos is straightforward and simple. It creates a new photo from the original raw photo by applying the mathematically converged geometry to the old photo. The new, ortho-rectified photo has a geographical coordinate (Easting and Northing) associated with each pixel. Features outside the center of photo are affected by the radial distortion of the camera lens and by the elevation changes of the terrain. These two factors can cause a feature (e.g., a house) to be incorrectly moved inward or outward from the center of the photo. The ortho-rectification process incorporates the radial distortion parameters for the given camera lens as well as the terrain model (Digital Elevation Model) to correct for these factors and move the feature to its correct location in the photo.
Process Date: October 2008
Process Contact:
Contact Information:
Contact Person Primary:
Contact Person: Diana McCandless
Contact Organization: Washington State Department of Ecology
Contact Position: Environmental Specialist
Contact Address:
Address Type: mailing address
Address: P.O. Box 47600
City: Olympia
State or Province: WA
Postal Code: 98504-7600
Country: USA
Contact Address:
Address Type: physical address
Address: 300 Desmond Drive
City: Lacey
State or Province: WA
Postal Code: 98503
Country: USA
Contact Voice Telephone: (360) 407-6427
Contact Facsimile Telephone: (360) 407-7162
Contact Electronic Mail Address: dimc461@ecy.wa.gov
Process Step:
Process Description:
MOSAICKING: The individual ortho-photos were merged into 26 mosaics. The individual mosaics were created using Erdas Imagine 9.1 : Data Prep : Mosaic Images : Mosaic Tool. The individual photos in a flightline overlap by 60%, so there are large areas where two adjacent & overlapping photos cover the same feature (e.g., a rocky headland). The image of the rocky headland will appear more distorted in one photo than the other; the photo in which the rocks are closer to the center of the photo will be less distored. For this reason, simply overlapping the photos is not desirable, because doing so maximizes the use of the edges, where the distortion is the greatest, and minimizes the use of the center, where the distortion is the least. The software enables the creation of "Areas Of Interest" (AOI), in which the user can outline the best part of the photo, and then merely overlap the adjacent photo-fragments.
It is obvious in the mosaics where one photo ends and the next begins. The overlaps are particularly apparent over water, where the reflection of sunlight off the water has the most variation. In general, the southern half of any photo will be brighter than the northern half of the photo. This is apparent in the mosaics where the edges of individual photo-fragments are evident. Where one photo ends and the next one begins, the user will see that the northern half of the southern photo is darker than the southern half of the northern photo.
Process Date: October & November 2008
Process Contact:
Contact Information:
Contact Person Primary:
Contact Person: Diana McCandless
Contact Organization: Washington State Department of Ecology
Contact Position: Environmental Specialist
Contact Address:
Address Type: mailing address
Address: P.O. Box 47600
City: Olympia
State or Province: WA
Postal Code: 98504-7600
Country: USA
Contact Address:
Address Type: physical address
Address: 300 Desmond Drive
City: Lacey
State or Province: WA
Postal Code: 98503
Country: USA
Contact Voice Telephone: (360) 407-6427
Contact Facsimile Telephone: (360) 407-7162
Contact Electronic Mail Address: dimc461@ecy.wa.gov
Process Step:
Process Description:
REPROJECTING: For use in the Oregon Coastal Atlas the original MrSid files from WADoE were uncompressed and reprojected into the Oregon Lambert (OGIC) projection. This transformation was done in a single step, using the GDAL library
Process Date: 20090928
Process Contact:
Contact Information:
Contact Person Primary:
Contact Person: Tanya C. Haddad
Contact Organization: Oregon Coastal Management Program
Contact Position: Coastal Atlas Coordinator
Contact Address:
Address Type: mailing and physical address
Address: 800 NE Oregon St, #1145
City: Portland
State or Province: OR
Postal Code: 97232
Country: USA
Contact Voice Telephone: 971-673-0962
Contact Facsimile Telephone: 971-673-0911
Contact Electronic Mail Address: tanya.haddad@state.or.us
Cloud Cover: 0
Spatial Data Organization Information
Section Index
Direct Spatial Reference Method: Raster
Spatial Reference Information
Section Index
Horizontal Coordinate System Definition:
Planar:
Map Projection:
Map Projection Name: Lambert Conformal Conic
Lambert Conformal Conic:
Standard Parallel: 43
Standard Parallel: 45.5
Longitude of Central Meridian: -120.5
Latitude of Projection Origin: 41.75
False Easting: 500000
False Northing: 0
Planar Coordinate Information:
Planar Coordinate Encoding Method: Coordinate Pair
Coordinate Representation:
Abscissa Resolution: 0
Ordinate Resolution: 0
Planar Distance Units: international feet
Geodetic Model:
Horizontal Datum Name: North American Datum of 1983
Ellipsoid Name: Geodetic Reference System 80
Semi-major Axis: 6378137
Denominator of Flattening Ratio: 298.257222
Entity and Attribute Information
Section Index
Detailed Description:
Entity Type:
Entity Type Label: ore_1967_v4
Attribute:
Attribute Label: DAY
Attribute Definition: The day of the month on which the flightline was flown.
Attribute:
Attribute Label: descrip
Attribute Definition: A brief description of the beach (e.g., rocky or sandy).
Attribute Value Accuracy Information:
Attribute Value Accuracy Explanation: a generalization of the beach
Attribute Measurement Frequency: None planned
Attribute:
Attribute Label: FID
Attribute Definition: Internal feature number.
Attribute Definition Source: ESRI
Attribute Domain Values:
Unrepresentable Domain: Sequential unique whole numbers that are automatically generated.
Attribute:
Attribute Label: LAST_HIGH
Attribute Definition: The elevation in feet above MLLW, of the high tide within the last 12 hours, at the tidal station listed in the "station" attribute.
Attribute:
Attribute Label: MHHW
Attribute Definition: The elevation, in feet, of "Mean Higher High Water" at the tidal station used for predicting the tides for the relevant arc.
Attribute:
Attribute Label: MHW
Attribute Definition: The elevation, in feet, of Mean High Water at the tidal station used (which is listed under "station").
Attribute Value Accuracy Information:
Attribute Value Accuracy: 0.1
Attribute Value Accuracy Explanation: MHW is calc'd to nearest 0.1 foot
Attribute:
Attribute Label: MONTH
Attribute Definition: The month during which the flightline was flown.
Attribute:
Attribute Label: MOTION
Attribute Definition: The motion of the tide, (ebbing, slack low, flooding, or slack high) at the time that the photo was taken.
Attribute Domain Values:
Attribute:
Attribute Label: PHOTO
Attribute Definition: The Flight Line number of project "OC-3" that was used to digitize the arc.
Attribute:
Attribute Label: PREV_HIGH
Attribute Definition: The elevation in feet above MLLW, of the high tide within the last 12-24 hours, at the tidal station listed in the "station" attribute.
Attribute:
Attribute Label: Shape
Attribute Definition: Feature geometry.
Attribute Definition Source: ESRI
Attribute Domain Values:
Unrepresentable Domain: Coordinates defining the features.
Attribute:
Attribute Label: STATION
Attribute Definition: The tidal station used to make the predition for this stetch of beach.
Attribute:
Attribute Label: TIDE_ELEV
Attribute Definition: The current tidal elevation in feet, based on "Tides & Currents" prediction software.
Attribute Value Accuracy Information:
Attribute Value Accuracy: 0.7
Attribute Value Accuracy Explanation: There are instances where the predicted tide does not seem to be correct.
Attribute:
Attribute Label: TIME
Attribute Definition: The time at which the first photo of each flightline was taken, in local time.
Attribute Value Accuracy Information:
Attribute Value Accuracy Explanation:
Each flightline takes about 10 minutes or less to fly. Thus, the time at which any photo was taken is usually no more than 10 minutes later than the time reported, which is time at which the first photo in that flightline was taken.
Attribute:
Attribute Label: USE_ANALYS
Attribute Definition: "Yes" means use this arc for change analysis; "No" means do not use.
Attribute Measurement Frequency: None planned
Attribute:
Attribute Label: YEAR
Attribute Definition: The year of the photography.
Overview Description:
Entity and Attribute Overview:
Each segment of digitized shoreline has values for each of the attributes in the attribute table. Those attributes are:
Date: Year, Month, Day, and Time that the photo was taken.
Tidal Information: Tidal elevation at the time of photography, the tide's motion (e.g., ebbing or flooding), the elevation of the previous high tide in the last 12 hours, the elevation of the tide before that (12-24 hours ago), the tidal station used to calculate those values, and the Mean High Water and the Mean Higher High Water at the tide station.
Other Info: The flight line name, a description of the beach (e.g., rocky or sandy), and whether or not the shoreline determination is robust enough to be used in change analysis.
Entity and Attribute Detail Citation:
The attributes listed here pertain to the entire 1967 photo project, and are only available in the shoreline shapefile that was derrived from the photos. This shoreline will be avail able when it is published by USGS.
Distribution Information
Section Index
Distributor:
Contact Information:
Contact Organization Primary:
Contact Organization: Oregon Coastal Management Program
Contact Address:
Address Type: mailing address
Address: 800 NE Oregon St #18
City: Portland
State or Province: OR
Postal Code: 97232
Resource Description: Downloadable Data.
Distribution Liability:
Files are provided "as is," without warranty to their performance, merchantable state, or fitness for any particular purpose. The entire risk associated with the results and performance of these data is assumed by the user. This data is not for navigational or legal purposes.
Standard Order Process:
Digital Form:
Digital Transfer Information:
Ordering Instructions:
The Oregon photomosaics were provided to the Oregon Coastal Atlas by DOGAMI & USGS, in order to make the data more widely available. Data may be downloaded from http://www.coastalatlas.net/downloads/rasters/1967/
Metadata Reference Information
Section Index
Metadata Date: 10/29/2009
Metadata Review Date:
Metadata Future Review Date:
Metadata Contact:
Contact Information:
Contact Person Primary:
Contact Person: Tanya C. Haddad
Contact Organization: Oregon Coastal Management Program
Contact Position: Coastal Atlas Coordinator
Contact Address:
Address Type: mailing and physical address
Address: 800 NE Oregon St, #1145
City: Portland
State or Province: OR
Postal Code: 97232
Country: USA
Contact Voice Telephone: 971-673-0962
Contact Facsimile Telephone: 971-673-0911
Contact Electronic Mail Address: tanya.haddad@state.or.us
Metadata Standard Name: FGDC Content Standards for Digital Geospatial Metadata
Metadata Standard Version: FGDC-STD-001-1998
Metadata Time Convention: local time
Metadata Access Constraints: none
Metadata Use Constraints: none
Metadata Extensions:
Online Linkage: http://www.esri.com/metadata/esriprof80.html
Profile Name: ESRI Metadata Profile
SMMS Metadata report generated 11/2/2009